Study of biotransformation and excretion of drug

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BACKGROUND

Biotransformation is defined as a process in which organic compounds are converted to other forms by the action of bacteria, fungi and enzymes. This process helps in determination of pharmacokinetic properties of compounds and also plays a very important role in toxicity estimations. Excretion is a process by which a drug is eliminated from an organism either in metabolite form or in unchanged form.¹

Aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid is metabolized in the liver to form salicyluric acid and are mainly excreted by kidneys through urine.²

This study was conducted with the objective to understand the metabolism and excretion of parent compound.

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REQUIREMENTS

Drugs:        Aspirin (1 gm)

Reagents:     Ferric chloride (1%)

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PROCEDURE

Select three volunteers for the study. Request them void their bladders and to collect the urine samples. Label those samples as control. Later give 1 gm of aspirin orally with 250-400 ml of water to the volunteers. Ask them to collect urine samples for 3 hours for every 30 minutes.

Take 3 ml of urine from each sample and add a drop of 1% ferric chloride. Appearance of violet colour indicates the presence of salicyl group of salicylic acid. Mark positive test with sign (+) in the observation table.

OBSERVATION

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CONCLUSION

Presence of metabolic compound of aspirin is detected by using ferric chloride test in the given urine sample.

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REFERENCES

1. Kang MJ, Song WH, Shim BH, Oh SY, Lee HY, Chung EY, et al. Pharmacologically Active Metabolite of Currently Marketed Drugs: Potential Resources for New Drug Discovery and Development. Pharmaceutical Soc Japan. 2010;130:1325–37.
   
2. Levy G, Tsuchiya T. Salicylate accumulation kinetics in man. New England J Med. 1972;287(9):430–2.