Aniline undergoes nucleophilic substitution with bromine, even in cold. The bromine atoms enter at the two ortho positions and the para position with the formation of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline.

Complete hydrolysis can be rapidly obtained, if the ester is boiled under reflux with a dilute aqueous solution of either an alkali,

Alkaline hydrolysis of esters is called saponification and is an irreversible process. Here one mole of methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) reacts with two moles of sodium hydroxide

Here alcohol group of benzoin is oxidized to ketone group forming benzil in the presence of concentrated nitric acid. Nitration of aromatic ring is not occurring as sulphuric acid is totally absent in the whole process.

p-bromoacetanilide is prepared by bromination process. Mono substituted products of primary amine cannot prepared easily by direct action of a reagent. Bromination of acetanilide gives para brominated acetanilide mainly

BACKGROUND The freshly redistilled aniline, is almost a colourless oily …

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Saponification value is defined as the number of milligrams of KOH required to completely hydrolyse (saponify) one gram of the oil/fat.