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BACKGROUND
The nervous system examination includes the assessment of sensory and motor responses. This can be used as a screening tool to identify various neurological disorders and helps in location of the lesion either in the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. There are 12 cranial nerves namely olfactory, optic, occulomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerve.1
The aim of the experiment is to examine nervous system including cranial nerves, sensory system, motor system and reflexes.
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REQUIREMENTS
Subjects: Human
Apparatus: Various (depending on tests)
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PROCEDURE
- Cranial nerve 1 (olfactory): Smell is tested in each nostril separately
- Cranial nerve 2 (optic) : Visual acuity is tested in both the eyes
- Cranial nerve 3 , 4, 6 (occulomotor, trochlear and abducens) : pupillary light reflex, nystagmus and accomodation reflex is tested.
- Cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal): Light touch, pain, pressure, corneal reflex and muscles of mastication are tested.
- Cranial nerve 7 (facial) : Inspect for facial symmetry and involuntary movements
- Cranial nerve 8 (vestibulocochlear); Inspect for hearing and vestibular function
- Cranial nerve 9 (glossopharyngeal); Inspect for taste sensation and palatal reflex.
- Cranial nerve 10 (Vagus); Inspect for soft palate movement and laryngoscopy.
- Cranial nerve 11 (Accessory): Inspect for movement of the head and shrugging of shoulders.
- Cranial nerve 12 (Hypoglossal): Inspect for tongue protrusion and deviation.1
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CONCLUSION
The testing of cranial nerves helps in diagnosing the diseases of various cranial nerves along with sensory and motor functions deficit.
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REFERENCES
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www.slideshare.net/mobile/Docpuneetkaur/clinical-examination-nervous-system. Accessed 10 May 2018.
