Analysis of Gastric Juice of Sample

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BACKGROUND

A gastric juice is a grey or yellow coloured watery fluid having low specific gravity secreted by surface epithelium, gastric cubicles and various other glands located in the gastric tract. A proper analysis of gastric juice helps in diagnosis of various gastric diseases and selecting therapy.¹ It assists in knowing about the amount of acid produced by the person. Therefore, the basic objective of this experiment is to analyze the gastric juice.

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REQUIREMENTS

Chemicals:     Gastric juice

Pentagastrin

Betazole

Topfers reagent-0.5gm dimethyl aminobenzene +100ml 95% ethanol.

N/10 NaOH

Apparatus:     cc syringe

    Conical flask

    Burette

    Evacuated tubes for collection

     Levine tube if nasal intubation

           Rehfuss tube if mouth intubation

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PROCEDURE

Collection of gastric juice for analysis

For collection of sample the person must be in fast for about 12 hours and then with the use of either Levine tube or Rehfuss tube the gastric juice is collected.

For collection through mouth at first the stomach of the patient is emptied with the help of a 50 cc syringe. This gastric juice collected is analyzed for colour, pH and volume and then discarded. Then gastric juice is collected under basal conditions. A minimum four samples are collected with a time difference of 15 minutes in different containers with the help of levine tube. This gastric juice should be at once checked for knowing about the acid production. After that gastric juice is again collected under stimulated conditions.² Stimulation is done through two stimulants like pentagastrin and betazole. A total of 4-8 samples are collected for analysis. Then after all collection the samples are evaluated for following things:

• Basal acid output
  
• Maximal acid output which is sum total of four highest uninterrupted 15 minutes samples after stimulation.
  
• Peak acid output which is the sum highest successive 15 min samples.
  
• Then basal acid output and maximal acid output ratio in form of percentage.³
  

Interpretation

Composition:

• H₂O-varying amount
  
• Hcl- mostly secreted by parietal cells that gives acid for pepsinogen activation.
  
• Digestive enzymes like pepsin, lipase, renin and gastricsin
  
• Mineral acids
  
• Mucous secret by stomach globet cells for prevention of self-digestion by stomach.
  
• Different electrolytes
  
• Particles of food
  

Colour analysis

• Mostly colourless, sometimes pale grey depending on the amount of food particles and mucous.
  
• Brownish red colour- presence of blood
  
• Dark yellow colour indicates fresh bile.
  

Odour

• Mostly odorless or slightly pungent.
  

Abnormal odour

• Fecal odour indicates gastrocolic fistula
  
• Foul odour-carcinomatous ulcer
  
• Ammoniacal odour-may be uremia
  
• Rancid odour-presence of butyric and lactic acid.
  

pH analysis

• Normal acidic- pH 1.6-1.8
  
• Highly acidic– pH 1.4 or less than that
  
• Low acidic-pH 2.0-2.8
  

Analysis for specific gravity

• Normally the specific gravity varies between 1.001-1.010
  

Chemical analysis

Gastric juice consists of acid in two types

• Free Hcl with a pH less than 3.5- Free Hcl is tested by Topfer’s method in which Topfer reagent is added to gastric juice and it is titrated with N/10 sodium hydroxide till it becomes violet colour.⁴
  
• Combines Hcl that contains substrates of protein with Hcl.
  

Microscopic analysis

Normal

• Trace amount of yeast cells
  
• Bacteria
  
• Epithelial cells
  
• Starch granules
  
• Fat globules
  

Abnormality

• Tissue fragments
  
• Red blood cells
  
• Large amount of yeasts cells.
  
• Pus cells
  
• Lots of bacterial cells
  

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CONCLUSION

A proper analysis of gastric juice will help in knowing detecting various diseases related to digestive system.

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REFERENCES

1. Aoyagi, T. and Summerskill, W.H.J. Gastric secretions with ulcerogenic Islet cell tumor. Arch. Intern. Med., 1966;117:667.
   
2. Baron, J.H. Measurement and nomenclature of gastric acid. Gastroenterology, 1963: 45.
   
3. Bockus, H.L. Gastroenterology, Volume 1. 3rd ed Philadelphia Saunders 1974: 419.
   
4. http://himedialabs.com/TD/R021.pdf.