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BACKGROUND
Momentum equation is the application of Newton’s second law of motion in fluid kinematics. It states that algebraic sum of all of the external forces applied to an external volume of a fluid is equal to the rate of change of momentum in that direction. These external forces are the weight components of the fluid and the externally applied effects upon the boundary surface of the control volume.1
If any water jet having ‘v’ velocity is stricken on a free moving target in the vertical direction, a force will be exerted on it. The momentum equation implies that this force must be equal to the rate of change of momentum of the jet flow in that direction.2
i.e. – Fx = ρ Q [Vx, out – Vx, in]
The experimental set up has the main part as a nozzle through which a water jet immerges vertically so that it can be observed through the transparent cylinder. The applied force by the jet can be measured by applying the weight to counteract the jet reaction.3
The primary purpose of this experiment is to verify the momentum equation.
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REQUIREMENTS
Materials: Collecting Tank
Nozzle
Weights
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PROCEDURE
First of all, note down the relevant dimensions, such as the collecting tank area, water mass density, and nozzle diameter. After this, install the flat plate, and note down the upper disc position when the jet is not running. After this, admit the water supply to the nozzle and the flow rate to the maximum value. With the strike of the jet, the upper disc position is changed, and then place the weights to bring back the disc to its original position. Find out the discharge as well as record the weight placed on the upper disc. After this, this procedure is repeated for each flow rate value, and these values will be reduced in every stepa. With the installation of curved vanes in the apparatus, these procedures are again repeated.
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CONCLUSION
The procedure of verifying the momentum equation with an experiment has been discussed. The momentum equation is based on the second law of motion of Newton’s theory which states that the algebraic sum of external forces I any direction is equal to the rate of change of momentum in that direction.
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REFERENCES
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R. Issa, “Solution of the implicitly discretised fluid flow equations by operator-splitting,” Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 40-65, 1986.
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J. Cadafalch, C. D. Pérez-Segarra, R. Cònsul and A. Oliva, “Verification of Finite Volume Computations on Steady-State Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer,” Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 11-21, 2001.
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G. A. d. S. J. A. P. P. João Vicente Akwa, “Discussion on the verification of the overlap ratio influence on performance coefficients of a Savonius wind rotor using computational fluid dynamics,” Renewable Energy, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 141-149, 2012.
