Urine is the waste product formed by the kidney that is excreted by body and helps in maintaining the electrolyte and pH level of the body. Urine is composed of various organic and inorganic constituents.
Esters are hydrolysed either by an acid or a base. Alkaline hydrolysis of ester is irreversible which is also called saponification. Acid hydrolysis of ester is a reversible reaction.
Here nitration is occurring on nitrobenzene. It is an electrophilic aromatic substitution in presence of NO2, which is a strong electron withdrawing group and it directs the incoming substituents to the meta position.
Nitration on salicylic acid occurs by placing a nitro group on the aromatic ring system via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Here calcium nitrate is used as the nitrating agent in presence of acetic acid.
It is a two steps synthesis where first isonitrosoacetanilide is prepared from aniline, chloral hydrate, and hydroxylamine hydro-chloride. Finally cyclization of isonitrosoacetanilide under strong acid conditions e.g. polyphosphoric acid, yields 2,3-dioxoindoline.
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