Quiz 11-October-2022
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Rhizobia are the bacterium that infects the roots of leguminous plants and form nodules where it fixes nitrogen.
The acid value is the number which expresses in milligrams the amount of potassium hydroxide necessary to neutralise the free acids present in 1 g of the substance. Here direct titration is done taking a neutralized mixture
Iodine value of an oil or fat is the number of grams of iodine, which is absorbed by 100 g of the substance (oil or fat) under described conditions. It can be determined by the following method.
Esters are hydrolysed either by an acid or a base. Alkaline hydrolysis of ester is irreversible which is also called saponification. Acid hydrolysis of ester is a reversible reaction.
Here nitration is occurring on nitrobenzene. It is an electrophilic aromatic substitution in presence of NO2, which is a strong electron withdrawing group and it directs the incoming substituents to the meta position.
Nitration on salicylic acid occurs by placing a nitro group on the aromatic ring system via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Here calcium nitrate is used as the nitrating agent in presence of acetic acid.
It is a two steps synthesis where first isonitrosoacetanilide is prepared from aniline, chloral hydrate, and hydroxylamine hydro-chloride. Finally cyclization of isonitrosoacetanilide under strong acid conditions e.g. polyphosphoric acid, yields 2,3-dioxoindoline.
An assay is an investigation of an analyte with a proper procedure in medicines, pharmacology, environmental and molecular biology for qualitative and quantitative measurement