Interpretation of Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)

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BACKGROUND

The glucose tolerance test provides the ability of the body cells to absorb glucose, or sugar after ingestion. This test helps in the diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The pregnant women must also undergo this test for diagnosis of gestational diabetes.

The aim of the experiment is to interpretation of Glucose tolerance test (GTT).

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REQUIREMENTS

Subjects:         Human

Apparatus:     Glucose syrup (75 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg)

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PROCEDURE

The subject should be fasting for eight hours prior to the glucose tolerance test. The subject can drink water but must avoid other beverages namely coffee and tea.

Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes

A 2 hour 75 mg oral GGT is used as diagnostic test for diabetes. The blood sample is collected in the fasting state for measuring the glucose level in the blood. The subject is asked to drink 8 ounces of syrupy glucose solution which has 75 grams of sugar. The blood sample is collected again after 2 hours for measuring the glucose levels.

Gestational diabetes testing

There might be two tests conducted for diagnosis of gestational diabetes. The first test is the same as above (2 hour OGTT) but the blood draw is done for 1 hour and 2 hour mark. The second test includes the screening for 1 hour and 3 hour glucose tolerance test (done in case of the screening levels are elevated).

The subject’s blood sample is collected in the fasting state. The pregnant woman drinks about 50 grams of sugar and an hour later the blood sample is collected to measure the blood glucose levels. This test is performed if the first test is positive. In the three hour glucose tolerance test, the subject is asked to drink the syrupy glucose solution which contains 100 grams of sugar and the blood sample is collected at 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour after ingestion.

Observation¹

1. 75 mg OGTT ( Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes)
   

Source: healthline.com

Gestational Diabetes: Two step approach

Source: healthline.com

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CONCLUSION

This test helps in diagnosing the pre-diabetes, diabetes and gestational diabetes conditions.

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REFERENCES

1. https://www.healthline.com/health/glucose-tolerance-test#purpose. Accessed 4 June 2018.