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BACKGROUND
The amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood is measured to determine the pH of the blood whether it is too acidic or alkaline. This test is known as blood gas analysis or arterial blood gas test. This test is prescribed by doctors based on the symptoms due to pH imbalance namely shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, confusion and nausea.1
The aim of the experiment is to interpret blood gas analysis.
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REQUIREMENTS
Subjects: Human
Apparatus: Blood sample
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PROCEDURE
The blood sample is collected from the artery of the subject. This blood sample is analyzed by either a portable machine or on-site laboratory. The sample is to be analyzed within 10 minutes of collection to provide accurate results.
Interpretation of blood gas analysis:
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The arterial blood pH measures the amount of hydrogen ions in blood. A pH of less than 7.0 is called acidic, and a pH greater than 7.0 is called basic, or alkaline. The lower pH contains more carbondioxide (acidic) and higher pH contains more bicarbonates (alkaline).
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The bicorbonate levels maintain the pH of blood alkaline.
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The partial pressure of oxygen and carbondioxide measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in blood.
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The oxygen saturation is the measure of amount of oxygen being carried by the hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
The normal values of blood gas analysis are as follows:
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Arterial blood pH: 7.38 to 7.42
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Bicarbonate: 22 to 28 milliequivalents per liter
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Partial pressure of oxygen: 75 to 100 mm Hg
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Partial pressure of carbon dioxide: 38 to 42 mm Hg
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Oxygen saturation: 94 to 100 percent
The normal values will have a slightly different reference range if they are from a venous or capillary sample.1
Source: healthline.com
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CONCLUSION
The imbalance of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood indicates the presence of various diseases namely kidney failure, heart failure, uncontrolled diabetes, hemorrhage, chemical poisoning, drug overdose, shock.
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REFERENCES
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https://www.healthline.com/health/blood-gases. Accessed 16 June 2018.
