BACKGROUND
Urine culture is a type of laboratory test which is utilized to estimate presence of bacteria and germs in the urine sample. It is done based on the complete urinalysis test. When white blood cells and bacteria is found in the complete urinalysis test, then there will be necessary of urine culture and the antibiotic susceptibility test to find out the perfect antibiotic required to kill that particular bacteria.
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The main purpose behind the urine culture test is to recognize the causative bacteria that are responsible for the infection and it is done by growing the bacteria in the laboratory environment.
So, the objective of this test is to examine a urine by culture followed by isolation of the pathogen and doing antibiotic sensitivity test.
REQUIREMENTS
Sample: Urine sample
Media: Nutrient agar medium plates
Mueller Hilton Agar plates
Others: Inoculating loop
Cotton swabs
Metal forceps
Antibiotic discs
Zone measuring scale
PROCEDURE
Collect the urine under utmost sterile conditions and then it is inoculated in a suitable growth medium like nutrient agar plates for bacteria. Then it is incubated for about 24-48 hours at 37oC. Prior to incubation period, when growth of bacteria is observed then further test is done for isolation of the bacteria.
Their colour, size and shape are observed. There can be either a single kind of bacteria or different kinds of bacteria.1 Depending on that you have to isolate each and every bacterium. For isolation, each different colonies are inoculated in separate nutrient media plates for getting isolated colonies. Then each plate is incubated again for 24-48 hours at 37oC.2
For antibiotic susceptibility test, each isolated colonies is spread over Mueller-Hilton Agar plate evenly. Then commercial antimicrobial discs are distributed with the help of multi disc dispenser and the pressed firmly into the surface of the agar with the help of clean and sterile metal forceps.3
Then close the plates carefully and incubate it for about 16-18 hours at 37oC. Then after the incubation time the size of the zone is measured with the help of zone measuring scale and interpreted for susceptibility like whether it is susceptible, intermediately susceptible or resistant.4
CONCLUSION
This process of urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test is done when there is complain of painful excretion of urine. This test helps in identifying the microorganism and then eradicating it from the body.
REFERENCES
- Arav-Boger, R., L. Leibovici, and Y. L. Danon. 1994. Urinary tract infections with low and high colony counts in young women. Arch. Intern. Med. 154: 300–304.
- Bacteriology Committee of the Association of Clinical Pathologists. 1965. Report on antibiotic sensitivity test trial organized by the Bacteriology Committee of the Association of Clinical Pathologists. J. Clin. Pathol. 18:1–5.
- Barry, A. L., L. J. Joyce, A. P. Adams, and E. J. Benner. 1973. Rapid determination of antimicrobial susceptibility for urgent clinical situations. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 59:693–699.
- Bauer, A. W., W. M. M. Kirby, J. C. Sherris, and M. Turck. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 45:493–496.
Also read:
- Isolation and Enumeration of Bacteriophages (PFU) from Water Sewage Sample Using Double Agar Layertechnique
- Estimation of RNA Using UV Spectrophotometer (A260 measurement)
- Estimation of DNA and its purity check using UV spectrophotometer (A260 measurement)
- Determination of Thermal Death Point of bacteria
- Microbiological assay of antibiotics using cup plate method
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