Different chemical test to analyze the crude drug of benzoin

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BACKGROUND

Synonym is Loban, Sumatra Benzoin. Styrax benzoin is the biological source of benzoin and contains resin. Mainly found in Sumatra, Thiland, Vietnam, and South Eastern Asia. These trees are not grown in India. It has a greyish-brown colour, aromatic odour, sweet taste. Cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, summaresinollic acid are the important chemical constituents.¹

Aim: Aim of the experiment is to carry out different chemical test to analyze the crude drug of benzoin.

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REQUIREMENTS

Apparatus: Test tube,

Conical flask,

Beaker,

Drug sample,

Weight balance.

Chemicals: 10% aqueous potassium permanganate solution,

Sulphuric acid,

Ferric chloride solution,

Water

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PROCEDURE

Chemical test

Five gram of Sumatra benzoin is heated with 10% aqueous potassium permanganate solution. Due to the presence of cinnamic acid a bitter almond like odour is produced. This test shows negative result for Siam benzoin.
In a china dish, 2-3 drops of sulphuric acid is added to the 0.2gram of petroleum ether solution of benzoin. Reddish-brown colour confirms the presence of Sumatra benzoin and purple-red colour confirms the presence of Siam benzoin.
Ferric chloride solution is added to alcoholic solution of benzoin. Due to the presence of phenolic compound (coniferyl benzoate) in Siam benzoin, it will produce green colour. This test gives a negative result for Sumatra benzoin (as it does not contain phenolic compund).

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CONCLUSION

The above experiment shows the presence of chemical constituent in drug sample. It is used as antiseptic, for the preparation of cosmetics, expectorant, carminative, stimulant and diuretics.

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REFERENCES

Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Druds containing alkaloid (caffeine). Text book of Pharmacognosy, 51 edition. Nirali Prakashan, Pune. 2015: 14-115.
Shah B, Seth AK. isolation of phytopharmaceuticals. Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2^nd edition. CBS Publishers & Distributors pvt ltd. 2014: 361.