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BACKGROUND
Compressive strength is the opposite of tensile strength which is defined as the capacity of a material or a structure which is tending to reduce the body’s size.
Contrary to tensile strength which resists tensile force or elongation of a body, compressive strength resists compressive force or compression of a material which tends to shortens it.
The ultimate compressive strength of a material is defined as the point where the uniaxial compressive stress reaches its maximum value, i.e. element fails. In the compression test, the relationships obtained between stress and strain is very much similar to the tensile test.
A compression test is more difficult as compared to the tensile test because:1
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In compression test, specimens are required to have a large cross-sectional area to resist any buckling.
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Specimens are subjected to deformation stresses which can change its shape before the ultimate point.
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With compressive strength, the cross-section of specimen increases which requires a substantial load.
A compression test can be performed either on a UTM or compression testing machine. In Universal Testing Machine, the test piece is placed on a base block and moved down through central grip to apply load.2
The primary objective of this test is to determine the compressive strength of a material by Universal Testing Machine.
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REQUIREMENTS
Materials: Specimen,
Universal Testing Machine,
Vernier caliper
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PROCEDURE
At first, measure the different direction of a specimen along its length and height to determine its cross-sectional area. In general, a vernier calliper is used for measuring the dimensions of a part. Be sure that the ends of a specimen are plane and it is tested on a bearing plate. After this stage, the sample is placed between the compression plates at its centre position in such a way that the moving head’s centre is placed vertically above the centre of the specimen. Further by giving direction to the advancing head, the load is applied to the sample. These loads and related contractions are measured and noted down in a notebook at an interval of weight varying up to 500 kg. This load is applied until the specimen breaks down.
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CONCLUSION
The process of finding compressive strength of a material through Universal Testing Machine is discussed. Compressive strength varies from one material to another material depending upon its mechanical properties.
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REFERENCES
- B. S. G. J. Young BongKwon, “Compression tests of high strength cold-formed steel channels with buckling interaction,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, pp. 1-4, 2009.
- A. J. Amsler.US Patent US1865070A, 1929.
