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BACKGROUND
Karl Landsteiner discovered the blood groups –A, B, O in 1900. The blood group of the baby is inherited from both parents.1
The blood group ABO typing system is as follows:
- Type A blood group has A antigen and B antibody
- Type B blood group has B antigen and A antibody
- Type AB blood group has both A & B antigen and No antibodies.
- Type O blood group has no antigen and both A & B antibodies.
The Rh typing is of two types – positive and negative. The Rh positive people have the Rh antigens on the surface of red blood corpuscles. The Rh negative people do not have Rh antigens on the surface of red blood corpuscles.2
The aim of the experiment is to determine ABO and Rh typing.
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REQUIREMENTS
Subjects: Human
Apparatus: Slides
Test tubes
Blood sample
ABO antisera
Anti-D reagent
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PROCEDURE
Slide method
The subject is seated and blood is collected from the capillary by finger prick method or the blood can also be collected from the veins and placed in EDTA anticoagulant. The glass slide is marked by glass marking pencil and labeled as Anti- A and Anti-B for antisera identification. Place one drop of Anti-A and Anti-B sera in the center of the corresponding slides. The blood sample to be added to each drop of antisera on the slide. The antisera and the blood have to be mixed well. Check for agglutination on the slides.3
Tube method
The blood sample is collected from the subject. The saline-washed red blood corpuscles are mixed with antiserum in a test tube. The mixture is incubated at room temperature and is centrifuged. The serum grouping is done by mixing serum with the reagent. The red cell button is seen at the base of the tube which can be dislodged and the agglutination is examined. This test is more reliable than the slide method as the centrifugation uniformly mixes antigen and antibody and the weaker antigen antibody reactions can be observed.4
Rh Typing
The patient’s red cells are mixed with anti-D reagent. The monoclonal IgM anti-D antiserum is used for Rh typing.5
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CONCLUSION
The blood group as well as Rh typing is used for identification of blood group in blood transfusion and paternity testing.
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REFERENCES
-
https://en.m.wikepedia.org/wiki/ABO_blood_group_system. Accessed on 05 April 2018.
- https://www.healthline.com/heath/blood-typing#why-its-done. Accessed on 05 April 2018.
- https://www.bioscience.pk/topics/hematology/item/785-determination-of-blood-group-by-slide-method. Accessed on 05 April 2018.
- https://www.bioscience.pk/topics/hematology/item/785-determination-of-blood-group-by-tube-method. Accessed on 05 April 2018.
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https://www.bioscience.pk/component/k2/item/788-rh-d-grouping-method?itemid+1857. Accessed on 05 April 2018.
