Carrageenan-induced acute paw edema (in vivo)

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BACKGROUND

Inflammation is a response of damage occurs to a living tissue by many reasons like infections, trauma, any reactions, burns, toxicants and it is a defense mechanism of the body to protect the tissue from injury or infection.¹ In this article, we are going to discuss carrageenan –induced inflammation method.

Some chemical mediators like histamine, serotonin (5-HT), bradykinin and prostaglandins are released at this time which are responsible for pain, swelling, redness, heat and some other signs. Carrageenan, bradykinin, formalin, histamine, serotonin, egg white or mustard are some agents when injected in the foot (dorsum) of rats, produce edema in the paw within a few minutes of the injection.²

Carrageenan-induced acute paw edema

Carrageenan –induced inflammation is used to assess anti-inflammatory action of the drugs which supresses release of prostaglandins, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which primarily inhibit cyclooxygenase involve in prostaglandin production.³

Aim of this experimental work is to study the anti-inflammatory property of indomethacin against carrageenan-induced acute rat paw edema.

Carrageenan-induced-acute-paw-edema — Carrageenan induced acute paw edema

REQUIREMENTS

Animals: Wistar rats (150-200 g)

Drugs: Carrageenan (1% w/v solution and inject 0.1 ml beneath the plantar region). Indomethacin (20 mg/kg, subcutaneous and inject 0.5 ml/100 g of body weight)

Equipment: Plethysmograph

PROCEDURE

Weigh the Wistar rats and assign numbers to identify. Make a spot on both side hind paws just beyond tibio-tarsal junction, so that every time the paw is dipped in the mercury column upto the fixed mark to ensure constant paw volume.

Note the initial reading of paw volume (two sides) of each rat by plethysmograph mercury displacement method. Divide the animals into two groups (control and test), each consisting of at least four animals. Inject saline to control group and to the second group inject indomethacin subcutaneously.

Carrageenan-induced acute paw edema (in vivo)

After 30 min inject 0.1 ml of carrageenan (1% w/v) in the plantar region of the left side paw of both groups. The right side paw will be served as reference non-inflamed paw for comparison. Note the paw volume of both side legs of all rats belongs to control as well as test groups at different time intervals starting from 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after carrageenan incorporation.

Calculate the difference of right and left side paw volumes of each animal of control and indomethacin treated animals. Compare the mean change in paw volume in control and drug treated rats and present as percent edema inhibition by the drug.

Observation table of Carrageenan-induced acute paw edema

Sl.No	Body wt.(g)	Treatment	Paw volume* (ml) at
			0 min	15 min	30 min	60 min	120 min
1.		Control
2.
3.
4.
		Mean
1.		Indomethacin, s.c.
2.
3.
4.
		Mean
	% edema inhibition

*Difference in right and left paw measured by mercury displacement.

% edema inhibition =

CONCLUSION

From this practical we can conclude that the tested drug, Indomethacin reduces inflammatory action caused by carrageenan.

REFERENCES

1. Inflammation. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/science/inflammation. Acceessed on 15 September 2017.
2. Hepcy KD, Venkatesh P. A comparative study of anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Acacia nilotica Linn. IRJNAS. 2015;2(6):169-77.
3. Carrageenan Induced Paw Edema (Rat, Mouse). Available at: http://www.bolderbiopath.com/study/carrageenan-induced-paw-edema-rat. Accessed on 15 September 2017.
4. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 4^th ed., Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi; 2012.

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